Pros and Cons of human cloning free essay sample

With that being said, the following are the generally accepted benefits of cloning: †¢ Easy replacement of internal organs and tissues for patients in need of transplants instead of waiting for suitable organ donors, alive or dead. Since the transplanted organ contains most of the recipient’s genes, there is a lesser chance for rejection as well. †¢ Cloning can be a solution to the infertility issue among couples. Theoretically speaking, parents can choose the desirable qualities in their genes to be passed on to their children. †¢ Genetic research can immensely benefit from cloning especially in combating the wide range of genetic diseases. Tipping the balance in the pros and cons of cloning is the fact the gene cloning can be harnessed to produce superior plants and animals to feed humanity. Genetic engineering has made great advances in this regard although it is also polarizing. Disadvantages of Cloning Of course, there are disadvantages to cloning that prevent the advances in this area to be made. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of human cloning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such disadvantages include: †¢ Genetic diversity and its benefits are weakened with the replicating process in cloning. We may be exposing ourselves to a compromised ability to adapt to our surroundings, not to mention that the beauty of diversity is lost. †¢ Unethical practices can result from cloning as unscrupulous individuals can breed individuals with certain traits. Probably the most contentious issue in the debate about the pros and cons of cloning is the ethical side of the process. Is it ethical to act like God by creating an embryo that develops into a human being? Is it ethical to kill a pre-embryo in order to harvest its stem cells, which will then be cultivated into an organ for transplant purposes? Is it ethical to mess around with nature in the first place? Indeed, if you must take sides in the pros and cons of cloning debate, your main responsibility is to enter it with an open, educated and informed mind first and stable emotions second.

Environmental Problems in Victorian Era Britain essays

Environmental Problems in Victorian Era Britain essays Several factors in Great Britain during the Victorian age came together to form numerous problems. One problem among many was the issue of the environment. The new technology of the Industrial Revolution caused many problems for the Britainà ¿s environment. With the new gigantic machines at work in the city, workers were unable to work at home anymore. They were required to work in the city. This was also done so the masters of the factories could keep the workers under a tighter schedule. The new machines caused an enormous amount of pollution in the city. The air was smoggy, and the air had the acrid smell of burnt fossil fuels. The workers were forced to breathe in smoggy air, which often made them queasy, or very sick. This environmental problem greatly contributed to the outbreak of illness in Great Britain. Another factor which contributed to the disease outbreak was the close quarters they worked in. The limited space in the factories restricted the size of the workerà ¿s working area. This problem allowed the disease to spread like wildfire. Several disease outbreaks occurred, none of which were beneficial to the environment. It is almost certain that the diseases spread to animals who werenà ¿t immune to it. This would have weakened the food web. Many changes in Britain caused a domino effect, damaging the environment, spreading the disease to people, and also, as technology developed, more accidents happened. The Industrial Revolution caused many changes, positive and negative, and had a substantial effect on the environment of Great Britain. Several cities almost grew overnight in Britain in the 1700's. One example of this is the city Manchester. This city grew so quickly because of several features of the area. One major factor was the amount of coal in the area. The coal was the main power source for the engines and machines of the Revolution, so it was necessary for the major cities to have an abundance of coal. Manch...

Business Strategy of Associated British Foods Assignment

Business Strategy of Associated British Foods - Assignment Example In relation to the study the company which has been selected is Associated British Foods, an international public limited company that has its headquarters in London. The company was established in 1935 and is the leading British supermarket chain as far as production of sugar and baker’s yeast is concerned. The company has five strategic business units: Sugar, Agriculture, Retail, Grocery and Ingredients. The grocery division stocks both branded and own label products. Brands that fall under its grocery division include Mazola, Ovaltine, Ryvita, Jordans and Twinings, Silver Spoon, Tip Top and Kingsmill. The company’s retail division (called Primark in UK and Penneys in Ireland) has a global presence with over 215 stores covering a total area of 6.9 million square feet. The retail division’s outlets are located in Belgium, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the UK. In 1963, the company acquired the British supermarket giant, Fine Fare which it sold later in 1986 in order to acquire British sugar. As of 2009, British Sugar fulfills the sugar requirements of more than half of UK. Finally, in 2007 ABF acquired an Indian food business. The company provides employment to more than 97,000 people and operates in more than 44 countries. UK contributes to around half of the company’s sales and profits. ABF has been rigorously diversifying into other markets than Sugar since early 2000s which is a crucial aspect of its strategy. ABF acquired ‘Twinings’ in 1964 to broaden the range of national and international marketing resources available. (Whittington, R. and Mayer, M., 2002). To date Twinings has been an asset in the company’s portfolio as it enjoys strong brand loyalty and has had a pull effect which has increased sales of other brands within ABF’s portfolio (Whittington, R. and Mayer, M., 2002).ABF further diversified into the food business with the intention of providing one-stop convenience shopping to customers; the company had realized that customer buying habits and trends were changing (Whittington, R. and Mayer, M., 2002). One of the most important reasons however was the instability of earnings from sugar sector due to its seasonal nature, coupled with the anticipated EU reform (Bertin, O., 2002). Another crucial aspect of ABF’s strategy has been its diversification and growth strategy. The company has, over the years, expanded to sectors beyond sugar which is a conscious and well-thought out strategy based on strong reasoning. Firstly, the highly debated EU sugar reform intended to cut surplus in sugar beet production by slashing prices by an exorbitant 43% which would adversely affect the company’s earnings (Bertin, O., 2002). Secondly, sales from the sugar business were subject to seasonal fluctuations which had to be recovered from non-seasonal businesses so the diversification to other lines such as retail, ingredient and grocery was well just ified for ABF. (Bertin, O., 2002).Thirdly, world markets had become very unstable especially in the years following 2000 because of which its sugar line was capable of being harshly affected (Cherney and Elena, 2001). Furthermore, its sugar industry was highly dependent on the local UK economy for raw materials and output which made it undesirable for the company due to the country’s history of slow recovery from economic recessions so its diversification was justified. (Cherney and Elena, 2001). Therefore, it is evident from the reasons mentioned above that the company was formally employed in the sugar industry; however, it spread its operations to other unrelated sectors such as grocery, retail and ingredients (Austen and Ian, 2007). A key aspect of ABF’s diversification strategy has been its geographic diversification. In 2006, it got hold of Illovo; a South Africa based company which it has used as a means of penetrating deeper into the South African sugar market and could